Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative. It is not bactericidal, only bacteriostatic. It has fungistatic activity. It is effective only in acidic conditions (pH< 3.6) making its use most prevalent i...
Plasticizers are additives that increase the plasticity or fluidity of the material to which they are added, these include plastics, cement, concrete, wallboard and clay bodies. Although the same comp...
Most evidence suggests that the proton in bisulfite ion is located on sulfur, giving rise to C3v symmetry. There is, however, some evidence from 17O NMR spectroscopy to suggest that two tautomeric for...
Gluconic acid is found naturally, and is industrially manufactured by the fermentation of glucose, typically by Aspergillus niger, but also by other fungi, e.g. Penicillium, or by bacteria, e.g. Aceto...
Borates in chemistry are chemical compounds containing boron bonded to three oxygen atoms written as B(OR)3. In B(OR)4- anions, this number increases to four.
The borate ion is BO33-. it forms salts w...
Phosphotungstic acid (PTA), tungstophosphoric acid (TPA), is a heteropoly acid with the chemical formula H3P W12O40. It normally present as a hydrate. EPTA is the name of ethanolic phosphotungstic aci...
The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl-. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and can also be calle...
Incompatibilities: Sodium hydroxide in contact with acids and organic halogen compounds, especially trichloroethylene, may causes violent reactions. Contact with nitromethane and other similar nitro c...
An active ingredient (AI), also active pharmaceutical ingredient (or API), is the substance in a drug that is pharmaceutically active. The term is similarly used in pesticide formulations where active...
In phytopharmaceutical or herbal medicine the active ingredient be a result of the interplay of a variety of constituents both acting on a pathogen and upon a variety of body systems involved in immun...